What Are the Containment Systems Used to Secure Loads in Truck and Containers

This page has guidance on how to secure loads on trucks safely.

Chains and webbing with tensioning devices (tensioners) are commonly used to secure loads on trucks.

What is the problem?

Some types of tensioners have acquired severe head, face and shoulder injuries to workers when used incorrectly and near misses are a mutual occurrence.

Tensioners include:

• webbing hand ratchets
• under-vehicle webbing winches
• chain dogs
• other chain tensioners.

What are the risks?

Using tensioners to tighten and release chains and webbing puts workers at chance of:

• musculoskeletal injuries, particularly to the back, shoulders and hands, from the repetitive force required to tighten chain tensioners, webbing winches and webbing manus ratchets
• pinched fingers
• falls from overbalancing
• fractures, contusions and lacerations from beingness struck by extension bar handles used with over-centre lever fashion tensioners (dogs), which can rebound and wing off the domestic dog.

What is a solution to the trouble?

Depending on the type of load being carried, the National Ship Commission'southward Load Restraint Guide (LRG) performance standards must be met to prevent loads from coming away from the truck during transit, or shift, causing vehicle instability.

Manufacturer's instructions should be followed while using tensioners. To eliminate or reduce the risk of injuries while using bondage and webbing with tensioners, the following solutions can be used in order of priority – 1 being the preferred option.

1. Minimise the utilise of chains and webbing by using:

• systems to reduce or eliminate the need for chains and webbing, e.g. utilise a whorl containment organisation, pin, pegs, posts, headboards or goose-neck on a drop-deck trailer to help block the load (see Figure ane)
• a truck that is custom-designed for loads, e.k. some pallet loads may suit a truck with combination internal side and middle expanding walls, combined with an inwards-sloping floor and load-rated drape.

Figure one. Removable posts in a truck help block the load.

2. Use webbing straps instead of chains

• Webbing straps, if suitable for restraining a load, are lighter than chain. Webbing tensioners are likewise lighter to handle and, if stock-still to the trailer, will not need handling. If webbing is used, 2 2500 kg lashing capacity straps can oftentimes supercede one regular (eight mm) concatenation with a 4000 kg lashing chapters. The load will demand to be assessed, and webbing and chain should not exist used together.
• As webbing is slightly rubberband, information technology may stretch in transit and tin can also exist damaged by sharp edges on loads.
• If using a hand ratchet with webbing:
  • a pull-downward webbing ratchet will reduce the risk of shoulder injuries because it will not need to be repeatedly pushed upwards
  • it is easier to pull the ratchet handle (see Figures two and 3) when the strap length allows the ratchet to be between waist and shoulder height.

Figure ii. A pull-downwardly hand ratchet reduces the risk of shoulder injury (note the extended height plate).

Figure 3. A ratchet cap/hat winch does not crave the handle to be reinserted with every turn (note the black casing or 'cap').

• If using a winch with webbing:
  • consider using a geared winch or 1 that does not require the removable handle to be reinserted with every turn. This reduces the run a risk of the handle coming off and unbalancing the worker. The handle should fit snugly on the socket or in the winch cap holes
  • a geared winch requires less force and encourages better posture considering workers practise not need to repeatedly bend depression when positioning or tensioning the handle. The more than teeth a geared winch has, the less force is needed to proceeds high tension (see Figures four and 5).

Figure 4. This is a type of geared winch on the market. Geared winches generally practise not require the handle to be repeatedly reinserted.

Figure v. This is another type of geared winch on the market.

3. Employ bondage with non-rebounding tensioners

• If using chain lashings, an alternative to an over-middle lever style load binder (a dog) should be used. Many workers find they cannot get satisfactory chain tension when using a dog so they often use an extension bar to increase the tension. This exercise is dangerous because the extension bar tin rebound apace during tightening and releasing and may fifty-fifty fly into the air. This applies to generic, manufactured extension confined, pipage handles and any other makeshift extension bar. A canis familiaris and an extension bar (run into Figure half-dozen) should not exist used to tension bondage when it is practicable to utilize an alternative.

Effigy half-dozen. An over-centre lever way load binder (a dog) with an extension (cheater bar) should not be used to tension bondage when it is practicable to use an alternative.

• A turnbuckle tensioner (come across Figure 7), or another blazon of non-rebounding tensioner (see Figures 8, ix, 10 and xi) can be used instead of a canis familiaris. Turnbuckles have no kickback and can proceeds very loftier tensions without using extension bars. Ratchet and sliding lever turnbuckles are bachelor.

Figure vii. Two types of ratchet turnbuckle chain tensioners.

Figure 8. A type of chain tensioner.

Figure 9. A type of chain tensioner.

Figure 10. A type of chain tensioner.

Figure 11. A type of chain tensioner.

4. Control remaining risk past using administrative controls and personal protective equipment

Dogs, with or without extension bars, should not be used to tension chains unless all other ways in which to safely secure the load have been assessed and the use of a dog, with or without an extension bar, is the but practicable way to secure the load. Other ways to secure the load include the employ of blocking, webbing and webbing tensioners or bondage with tensioners which do non recoil when tensioning or releasing.

Whatever load securing and tensioning equipment is selected, if the risks (including from being struck and from muscular stress) are not completely controlled, the take a chance is to be minimised by implementing administrative controls and/or the provision and use of suitable personal protective equipment.

Administrative controls are work methods or procedures that are designed to minimise exposure to a gamble. For instance, develop procedures on how to utilise the equipment safely, train the workers in the procedures and use signs to remind the workers of the risks.

When using tensioners, workers should:

• wear gloves with all chain tensioners to reduce the take chances of pinched easily
• position concatenation tensioners below shoulder height, or use a stable-continuing aid when applying or releasing tensioners
• inspect and maintain tensioners regularly to ensure effectiveness and prophylactic. A record, such as a defective vehicle report, and history of maintenance will assist identify how often they need to be inspected.

Further information

This information has been taken from the Worksafe Victoria Guidance Annotation - Safe handling when securing loads on trucks.

View our Safely securing loads of trucks film and Condom handling when securing loads webinar.

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Source: https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/safety-and-prevention/hazards/workplace-hazards/transport/securing-loads-on-trucks

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