Indus Valley River Art of the Indus River Valley Civilization

Indus Valley Culture holds a key role in the History of India. The arts of the Indus Valley civilization, one of the globe's first civilizations, evolved throughout the second millennium. Many civilization sites accept yielded sculptures, seals, ceramics, gold jewellery, terra cotta figurines, and other works of art. The Arts of Indus valley Civilization gives immense details about the life of people of that time. This article explains the Arts of Indus Valley Civilization, which volition be helpful for UPSC IAS Exam preparation.

Art of Indus Valley Culture

Fine art of Indus Valley Civilization

• During the 2d millennium, the arts of the Indus Valley culture, one of the globe'south first civilizations, arose. Sculptures, seals, ceramics, gold jewelry, terracotta figurines, and other types of art accept been discovered at many civilization sites.
• Their renderings of human and animal forms were extremely lifelike and the modeling of figures was done with utmost circumspection.
• Along the Indus River, there are ii significant Indus Valley culture sites: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in the north and Mohenjo-Daro in the southward.
• While Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are in Pakistan, notable sites discovered in India include Lothal, Surkotada, Dholavira in Gujarat, Rakhigarh, and Banwali in Haryana, and Ropar in Punjab.
• The major materials used for artistic works were: Stone, Bronze, Terra cotta, Clay, etc.

Stone Sculptures

Art of Indus Valley Civilization - Stone Sculptures

The treatment of the 3D volume may be seen in stone figures found in Indus valley sites. There are two major rock statues:

1. In Mohenjo-Daro, a Bearded Man (Priest Man, Priest-Rex) was discovered. The primary features of the figure were:

• Steatite figurine of a bearded guy.
• The figure is covered in a shawl that comes under the right arm and covers the left shoulder, indicating that it is a priest. The shawl has a trefoil design on it.
• Equally in contemplative concentration, the optics are extended and partially airtight.
• The nose is well-formed and of boilerplate size.
• Short beard and whiskers, as well as a short moustache.
• A basic woven fillet is carried around the head once the pilus is separated in the center.
• A correct-hand armlet and holes around the neck imply a necklace.
• Overall, in that location is a hint of the Greek style in the statues.

Bearded Priest

2. Male Torso

• Red sandstone was used to create information technology.
• The head and artillery are attached to the neck and shoulders through socket openings. Legs have been broken.
• The shoulders are nicely browned, and the belly is a little protruding.
• It is one of the more than expertly cut and polished pieces.

Statuary Casting

Art of Indus Valley Civilization - Bronze Casting

Bronze casting was conducted on a big scale in practically all of the civilization's main sites.

Bronze casting was done using the Lost Wax Technique.

Lost Wax Technique

• At first, the required figure is formed of wax and coated with clay. After allowing the dirt to dry, the entire assembly is heated to melt the wax inside the dirt. The melted wax was and so drained out of the clay department through a small hole.
• The molten metal was then poured into the hollow clay mould. The dirt coating was fully removed in one case it had cooled.
• The Bronze casting includes both human and animal representations.
• The buffalo, with its raised caput, dorsum, and sweeping horns, and the goat, amidst animal representations, are aesthetic assets.
• Bronze casting was pop at all locations of Indus valley culture, every bit evidenced by the copper dog and bird of Lothal and the Bronze figure of a bull from Kalibangan.
• Metal casting persisted until the late Harappan, Chalcolithic, and other peoples following the Indus valley civilization.

Examples of Bronze Casting are:

Dancing Girl

• Founded in Mohenjo-Daro, information technology is one of the all-time-known artifacts from the Indus valley.
• It depicts a girl whose long hair is tied in the bun and bangles encompass her left arm.
• Cowry shell necklace is seen around her neck with her right mitt on her hip and her left hand clasped in a traditional Indian trip the light fantastic gesture.

Dancing Girl

Bull from Mohenjo-Daro

• Mohenjo-Daro has a statuary statue of a balderdash.
• The balderdash's massiveness and the charge's wrath are vividly depicted.
• The animal is seen continuing to the right with his head artsy.
• A cord is wrapped around the neck.

Terracotta

Art of Indus Valley Civilization - Terracotta

• In Gujarat and Kalibangan, terra cotta statues are more lifelike.
• A few figures of bearded males with coiled hairs are institute in terra cotta, their stance firmly erect, legs slightly apart, and artillery parallel to the sides of the torso.
• The fact that this figure appears in the same posture over and over once more suggests that he was a divinity.
• There was also a dirt mask of a horned god discovered.
• Terra cotta was likewise used to create toy carts with wheels, whistles, rattles, birds and animals, gamesmen, and discs.
• Mother Goddess figurines are the most of import clay figures.

The main example of a terracotta effigy is:

Female parent Goddess

• Mohenjo-Daro is where it was found.
• These are mainly rough continuing figurines.

Female parent Goddess

• Wearing a loin robe and a grid, she is adorned with jewellery dangling from her big chest.
• The female parent goddess's distinctive ornamental chemical element is her fan-shaped headpiece with a cup-like protrusion on either side.
• The figure'southward pellet eyes and beaked snout are exceedingly archaic (synthetic in a rudimentary manner).
• A tiny pigsty indicates the oral cavity.

Seals

Fine art of Indus Valley Civilization - Seals

• Thousands of seals, mostly made of steatite but likewise agate, chert, copper, faience, and terracotta, were discovered at the sites, with exquisite representations of animals such every bit unicorn bulls, rhino, tiger, elephant, bison, caprine animal, buffalo, and others.
• The major purpose was to create wealth.
• They were also carried on the person of their owners as amulets, perhaps like modern-24-hour interval identity cards.
• Harappan seals were 2 x 2 foursquare inches in size.
• Every seal has a pictographic script on it that has nonetheless to exist understood.
• Seals have likewise been discovered in Gold and Ivory.

Pashupati Seal

• A cantankerous-legged human figure shown on the seal is found at MohenJo Daro.
• A tiger and an elephant are represented on the right side of the image, while a rhinoceros and a buffalo are depicted on the left.
• Below the seat are 2 antelopes (deer) (almost his feet). The figure'southward caput bears 3 horns.

Pashupati Seal

Pottery

Art of Indus Valley Civilization - Pottery

• The pottery of the Indus Valley is mostly manufactured on the wheel, with but a few exceptions.
• Painted ceramics are much less prevalent than manifestly pottery. The most common type of plain pottery is blood-red dirt with or without a fine red or grayness sideslip.
• The geometric and creature images are painted in sleeky black paint on the black painted ware, which has a fine covering of red slip.

Painted Earthen Jar

It is made on Potter's wheel, establish at Mohenjo Daro.

Painted Earthern Jars

Chaplet, Ornaments, and Cosmetics

Art of Indus Valley Culture- Chaplet, Ornaments, and Cosmetics

• Harappan men and women adorned themselves with a wide range of jewelry fabricated from a broad range of materials, including precious metals, jewels, bone, and broiled clay.
• Both men and women wore white necklaces, fillets, armlets, and finger rings.
• Necklaces made of gold and semi-precious metal stones, copper bracelets and beads, gold earrings, and head decorations have all been discovered in Mohenjo-Daro and Lothal.
• At Farmona in Harappa, a cemetery was discovered where deceased people were buried with jewelry.
• Chanhu Daro and Lothal both accept well-adult bead factories.
• Some beads were produced by cementing two or more stones together.
• Animate being figures, especially monkeys and squirrels, were also created and utilized every bit pinheads and beads.
• Cotton fiber and wool spinning were quite pop (both rich and poor practiced spinning).
• Men and women wore unlike outfits that looked like a dhoti and shawl.
• Shawl went beneath right arm and covered left shoulder.
• They were fashion-conscious. Diverse hairstyles were stylish, and beards were popular.
• Cinnabar was used as a cosmetic, and they were familiar with confront paint, lipstick, and collyrium (eyeliner).

Beadwork and Jewellery Items

Decision

Conclusion

The artists and craftsmen of the Indus Valley were extremely skilled in a variety of crafts—metal casting, rock carving, making and painting pottery, and making terra cotta images using simplified motifs of animals, plants, and birds, making the civilization a rich 1.

FAQs

FAQs

Question: What evidence of painting is found in Indus Valley civilization?

Answer:

Ruby paint has been discovered on several dirt figures from the Indus Valley civilization. Considering archaeologists discovered some prove on the priest-king statue as a wall, archaeologists recreated the priest-king statue with colour.

Question: What is the art of writing of Indus Valley civilization?

Respond:

The Indus Script is the earliest form of writing on the Indian subcontinent, having been established by the Indus Valley Civilisation. It is not deciphered yet.

Question: What ornaments did the Harappans habiliment?

Answer:

Gold, silvery, copper, ivory, precious and semi-precious stones, bones and shells, and other materials were used to create ornaments. Thin gilt bands worn on the brow, earrings, primitive brooches, chokers, and gilt rings were all pop accessories for ladies.

MCQs

MCQs

Question: Which of the post-obit animals was not represented in seals and terra cotta fine art of Harappan sculpture? (UPSC 2001)

(a) Cow

(b) Elephant

(c) Rhino

(d) Tiger

Answer: (a) Run into the Explanation

Moo-cow was missing in seals and terracotta fine art of Harappan sculpture.

Therefore, selection (a) is the correct respond.

Question: Consider the post-obit nearly Harappan Seals:

(i) Use of Brahmi script can be found on them.

(ii) They were mainly used for religious purposes.

Which of the higher up statements is/are right?

(a) Only (i)

(b) Merely (two)

(c) Both (i) and (ii)

(d) Neither (i) nor (two)

Answer: (d) Run into the Explanation

Argument i is incorrect: Harappan script does not utilise Brahmi. It is non deciphered however.

Statement ii is incorrect: It cannot exist said that the Harappan script was used for religious purposes since it is not deciphered nonetheless.

Therefore, option (d) is the correct respond.

*The article might take information for the previous academic years, please refer the official website of the exam.

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